莫斯科Salute公园游乐场|景观建筑规划案例
AFA集团：“礼炮”游乐场于2018年8月开业，以庆祝第90届 高尔基公园（Gorky Park）周年纪念日，这是莫斯科市中心最大，最重要的公园。 该项目由公园本身和车库当代艺术博物馆发起，旨在通过创造独特的自然景观来提高俄罗斯游乐空间的质量。纵观整个历史，今天的游乐场区域与休闲活动和儿童有关：在1930年代，有一个社区中心，上面有托儿所，后来是一个游乐园。 2012年，车库当代艺术博物馆建造了由日本建筑师坂茂（Shigeru Ban）设计的临时展馆。 博物馆的主要建筑开放后，高尔基公园与车库共同决定为所有人建立一个大型游乐场。 它靠近池塘，儿童俱乐部和教育中心。 除历史层外，还有许多限制，影响了整体建筑决策和建筑工程。 由于该遗址的文化和历史价值以及其在地铁保护区内的位置，因此在考古学家在场的情况下进行了挖掘工作。
©AFA Group
©Anton Donikov
©Anton Donikov
©Anton Donikov
©Ilya Teplov
©Vladimir Klyucherev
©Anton Donikov
©Vladimir Klyucherev
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Zoning
The name “Salute” is a wordplay. It is not only a greeting. Literally translated it means “fireworks”, which came as an idea of huge variety of play opportunities — an explosion of emotions one can experience on the playground. Based on the main needs of each age group, the design allows for various scenarios for all from 0 to 99 years old. Each play zone offers physical, tactile, visual and sonic experiences encouraging children to explore and develop.
The oval shape of MEGA-SWINGS refers to the Ferris wheel, one of the symbols of Gorky Park in the Soviet era and to the ellipse of the temporary pavilion by Shigeru Ban. The inclined structure consists of 29 different swings from 2.5 to 5.5 m high. At night the interactive lights go on turning the playground a romantic spot.
©Anton Donikov
©Anton Donikov
©Aleksey Narodizky
TOWERS resemble the hyperboloid television tower designed by engineer Shukhov. It is visible from the upper platforms. At the same time, they resemble a roller coaster, the most memorable sign of Gorky Park in the 90th. The idea was to reflect on the changes the place had gone through: from the passive pastime in amusement park to a public space, where the visitor can become a participant involved in a number of things happening. Once on top of the towers, one can follow the winding path between the two towers, full of adventure and challenge.
©Anton Donikov
©Anton Donikov
©Anton Donikov
©Anton Donikov
©Ilya Teplov
WATER POINT, visually connected to the pond, allows for a variety of interactions: canals with dams, pumps, sprayers and Archimedes screw. Another place to experiment with water is SEABED, the most remote part for those ready to play in dirt, build sand castles and dig up a giant dinosaur skeleton. While the water point is designed for play with clean water, the seabed offers sensory play with mud.
©Vladimir Klyucherev
©Vladimir Klyucherev
©Anton Donikov
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©AFA Group
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©Anton Donikov
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©AFA Group
TODDLER’S MEADOW is designed for the youngest visitors: the hills to develop physical abilities, small elements and the range of materials and textures to develop fine motor skills. Thematic equipment allows for role play, while more abstract equipment and loose parts encourage free play with sand and simple mechanisms.
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©AFA Group
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©Anton Donikov
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©Anton Donikov
KALEIDOSCOPE is the calmest place, based on experiments with light, color and sound. One can always hear a peaceful melody of the Dance Chimes and children’s laughter. The RGB lighting helps to learn about physics of color in a playful way.
RAVINE, 2 m deep space with various inclinations gives plenty of opportunities for vertical climbing.
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©Anton Donikov
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©Aleksey Narodizky
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©Anton Donikov
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Layers
Playground “Salute” consists of several layers. TOWERS and MEGA-SWINGS attract visitors, excite and amuse. After the first experience with larger structures the play continues on the next layer: calm spaces for experimental games. On the third layer the most attentive and focused ones can find small secret details in the paving, complex water canal systems not so evident at the first glance. Such “layer-by-layer” approach enables the playground to invite people again and again, so that no one ever gets bored.
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Greenery
All the spaces have curved profiles to preserve the existing plants. The main principle was visual organization of the unstructured greenery and creating buffer zones in between play spaces. The picturesque lawns, bushes and groves make visitors feel like in nature rather than on a playground.
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Navigation and rules
Aiming to provide clear and friendly navigation it is designed as a comic book. Each zone has a board containing the age mark, often 0 – 99. It helps to identify the playground as a public space for all. The hashtags #площадкасалют and #SalyutPlayground allow to follow it in social media and explore new possibilities of the space that opens up to the visitors every day.
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Short office name: AFA
Role of the office in the project: design and construction
Website: afa-group.ru
Location: Gorky Park, Moscow, Russia
Design year: 2015 — 2018
Year of construction: 2018
Area: 18 000 m2
Budget: 5 315 000 €
Image credits: Anton Donikov, Aleksey Narodizkiy, Iliya Teplov, Vladimir Klyucherev
Client: Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Gorky Park
Manufacturer of urban equipment: Richter Spielgeräte, Kompan
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